Understanding Nipple Inversion: Causes and Treatment Options
Nipple inversion is a condition primarily caused by genetic factors, but it can also result from trauma, surgery, breast tumors, or fibrous tissue development following mastitis. The **main reason** for congenital nipple inversion is the underdevelopment of smooth muscle in the nipple and areola area. These muscle fibers pull inward, compounded by a lack of supportive tissue beneath the nipple, leading to the inverted appearance. This condition typically occurs bilaterally but can also affect one side.
Types of Nipple Inversion
Inverted nipples can be classified based on their severity. **Mild inversion**, also known as reversible nipple inversion, can be corrected with gentle pressure or pulling. For this type of inversion, **non-surgical conservative treatment** is advisable, with the best outcomes often seen when initiated before marriage or during early pregnancy.
Conservative Treatment Techniques
There are two effective conservative methods for correcting mild nipple inversion: manual traction and device-assisted suction.
Manual Traction
This method involves manually pulling the nipple outwards. Using the thumb and index finger, gently grasp the nipple in either a horizontal or vertical manner, and apply consistent or intermittent pulling for about 30 minutes per session. This should be repeated 3 to 5 times daily, alternating between both nipples.
Device-Assisted Suction
This technique utilizes a manual or electric breast pump to apply negative pressure in order to draw out the nipple. Just like the manual technique, sessions should last approximately 30 minutes, with 3 to 5 repetitions each day, alternating between both nipples. Many individuals report satisfactory results after two months of consistent treatment.
Surgical Correction for Severe Cases
For **non-reversible nipple inversion**, classified as severe cases, surgical intervention is the only solution. The surgical procedure aims to thoroughly release the tension from the muscle fibers causing the inversion. Surrounding tissue is then used to support the nipple, enhancing its projection and reshaping it. This operation is typically performed under local anesthesia, with a variety of techniques available tailored to the individual’s situation. Importantly, the procedure is conducted within the areolar region, minimizing visible scarring.
In general, the surgery does not compromise the sensation in the nipple nor damage the milk ducts, which means that breastfeeding remains unaffected.
Post-Surgery Care and Risks of Recurrence
It is important to note that even after surgical correction, there is a possibility of recurrence. Following the removal of stitches, which typically occurs 5 to 7 days post-operation, continuing manual traction for 1 to 2 months is advised. For those who can, device-assisted suction can further bolster the results and help prevent the recurrence of nipple inversion.
In summary, whether through conservative methods or surgery, options are available for those experiencing nipple inversion. Early intervention and ongoing care are key to achieving optimal results.