The Rising Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Urban China
Recent epidemiological surveys conducted in Beijing and Shanghai have revealed alarming trends in the incidence of prostate cancer. In Shanghai, the rate increased from **2.6 per 100,000** in 1985 to **7.7 per 100,000** by the year 2000, with projections suggesting it may reach **10 per 100,000** by 2005. A similar situation has been observed in Beijing, where the incidence rose from **2.36 per 100,000** in 1985, and is also expected to hit **10 per 100,000** by the same year.
Understanding the Causes Behind the Increase
The rise in prostate cancer cases can be attributed to several factors over the past two decades. Improvements in living standards, high-fat diets, and an aging population have been identified as significant contributors to the increase in prostate cancer prevalence.
Late Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in China
While the incidence of prostate cancer in China approaches that of Western countries, there is a critical issue regarding the timing of diagnosis. In the United States, **80% to 85%** of prostate cancer patients are diagnosed at an early stage, with **only about 5%** experiencing bone metastasis at diagnosis. In contrast, the numbers in China are alarmingly inverted, with **80% to 85%** of patients being diagnosed only after the cancer has metastasized to the bones. This delay in diagnosis can significantly impact treatment outcomes.
The Importance of Early Detection
Prostate cancer typically progresses more slowly compared to other malignancies, making early intervention possible and effective. Surgical and radiation treatments can achieve high cure rates, and the **5-year survival rate** for prostate cancer can exceed **60% to 70%** when detected early.
Routine Screening Recommendations for Men Over 50
The lack of routine screening is a primary reason for the late diagnosis of prostate cancer in China. Simple methods, such as blood tests for Prostate-Specific Antigen (**PSA**) levels or a digital rectal examination, can significantly aid in early detection. Men over the age of 50 should incorporate these tests into their regular health check-ups.
Understanding Symptoms and Seeking Further Tests
It is crucial to understand that a positive PSA test should not lead to a hasty diagnosis. Retesting over a period of 2-3 sessions is necessary to rule out any inflammation, and if needed, a biopsy can provide definitive results. Early symptoms of prostate cancer may often mirror those of benign prostatic hyperplasia, leading to confusion. As men age, they might complain of frequent nighttime urination or persistent back pain. Such symptoms should never be ignored, as they could signal the onset of prostate cancer.
Even if prostate cancer has metastasized to the bones, it does not necessarily equate to a grim prognosis. Early detection and appropriate treatment can still offer hope for recovery.