Understanding Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are the most common benign tumors found in the female reproductive system and the most prevalent tumors in the human body overall. These growths primarily consist of smooth muscle cells and a small amount of fibrous connective tissue. They are most frequently seen in women aged 30 to 50, peaking in prevalence between ages 40 and 50, with occurrences being rare in those under 20. Statistics indicate that approximately 20% of women over the age of 35 may have uterine fibroids. Because many patients experience no symptoms or have very small fibroids, they often go unnoticed and unaddressed.
Potential Risks of Uterine Fibroids
Referred to as the "number one gynecological tumor," uterine fibroids have puzzled medical experts for centuries. They can lead to various complications including menstrual irregularities, abdominal lumps, pressure symptoms, pain, increased vaginal discharge, infertility, and circulatory issues, causing significant distress among women.
According to Dr. Zhou Hong, an expert at Beijing Wuzhou Women's Hospital, uterine fibroids frequently occur alongside diseases of the fallopian tubes and ovaries. They can also coexist with endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, making them a critical concern for women's health today.
In addition, sexual dysfunction resulting from uterine disorders can contribute to marital crises. Research conducted both domestically and internationally indicates that women with uterine diseases or those who have undergone hysterectomies have a divorce rate that is over 20% higher than that of women without such conditions.
Causes of Uterine Fibroids
The exact causes of uterine fibroids remain unclear; however, it is widely recognized that they are influenced by estrogen, which can promote their growth. This is why fibroids are predominantly found in women of reproductive age. Progesterone can also stimulate the division of fibroid cell nuclei, further encouraging growth. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between uterine fibroids and hormonal imbalances.
Symptoms to Watch For
If you notice symptoms such as changes in your menstrual cycle (including abnormal bleeding), breast tenderness, or pressure in the lower abdomen, it is crucial to take these signs seriously. These symptoms may indicate that your uterus is hosting unwanted guests. Other common symptoms include:
1. Abdominal Mass
An abdominal mass is often the most noticeable symptom of uterine fibroids, affecting up to 69.9% of patients. This mass is primarily detected when fibroids push into the pelvic cavity, typically becoming most prominent when the bladder is full in the morning.
2. Menstrual Changes
Changes in menstruation, including heavy bleeding or prolonged periods, are the most frequently reported symptoms. The presence of fibroids can enlarge the uterine cavity and the endometrial surface, leading to shorter cycles, increased flow, extended periods, or irregular vaginal bleeding. In cases where fibroids become necrotic, ulcerated, or infected, persistent or irregular vaginal bleeding may occur.
3. Secondary Anemia
Excessive menstrual bleeding over time can lead to secondary anemia. Severe cases may result in fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are a significant concern for women's health, with potential impacts on physical, emotional, and relational well-being. Early detection and appropriate management are vital to address the symptoms and mitigate the risks associated with these common growths.