Understanding Ovarian Tumor Torsion: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Ovarian tumor torsion is a common gynecological emergency that can significantly impact women's health. It is characterized by the twisting of the ovarian tumor, which can impede blood circulation. Approximately 10% of ovarian tumors may experience torsion, often involving medium-sized tumors with a long stalk, especially cystic teratomas. This complication tends to occur during pregnancy or following sudden position changes.
Causes and Risk Factors of Ovarian Tumor Torsion
Various factors contribute to the risk of ovarian tumor torsion. Tumors that are larger, more mobile, and have a longer pedicle are particularly susceptible. Cystic teratomas are among the most frequently encountered tumors in this condition. During pregnancy, anatomical and physiological changes can further elevate the risk of torsion.
Clinical Manifestations of Ovarian Tumor Torsion
Acute ovarian tumor torsion leads to complications such as swelling, bleeding, necrosis, rupture, and infection. The primary symptoms include:
- Sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Localized tenderness in the abdomen
In the case of tumor rupture, which can occur either naturally or due to external trauma, symptoms vary based on the nature and volume of the leaked cystic fluid. Generally, a serous cyst rupture may cause only mild abdominal pain, while the rupture of a dermoid cyst can provoke severe abdominal pain and may lead to peritonitis due to its irritative contents.
Long-Term Effects of Ovarian Tumor Removal
Delay in diagnosing ovarian cancer may necessitate the removal of the affected ovary, which can lead to complications such as early menopause or ovarian insufficiency. This results in a decrease in estrogen levels, causing various physiological and emotional changes in women. Common symptoms include:
- Unexplained discomfort and body heat fluctuations
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Emotional volatility, including irritability and sadness
- Insomnia, early waking, and chronic fatigue
Treatment Options for Managing Symptoms
According to Dr. Shi Qingyun from Beijing Friendship Hospital, if ovarian tumors are controlled or do not recur after removal, younger women may consider hormone replacement therapy under the guidance of a gynecologist. This approach can alleviate menopausal symptoms, prevent conditions such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, and enhance overall quality of life. However, if only one ovary has been removed, many of these concerns may be mitigated, allowing the remaining ovary to maintain hormonal function.
Conclusion
Understanding ovarian tumor torsion is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Being aware of the signs and symptoms, as well as the long-term implications of ovarian tumor removal, can empower women to seek timely medical intervention and support.