Understanding Menstrual Duration and Its Anomalies
The average menstrual cycle lasts between **2 to 7 days**, with most women experiencing a duration of **3 to 5 days**. However, when menstrual periods extend beyond **7 days**, this is classified as prolonged menstruation. Various underlying health conditions can contribute to this symptom. Here, we explore the most common causes of prolonged menstrual periods.
Blood Disorders
Blood conditions such as aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura often present with longer menstrual cycles. When significant uterine bleeding occurs, it may result in extended periods. Other chronic diseases, like chronic anemia, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and nephritis, can weaken the blood vessel walls, increasing permeability and leading to bleeding that affects menstrual duration.
Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
Pelvic inflammatory conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and uterine polyps can disrupt blood circulation in the uterus. This results in excessive menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods due to deterioration and necrosis within the uterine lining or pelvic congestion.
Chronic Uterine Hypertrophy
Chronic uterine hypertrophy, also known as myometritis, arises from pelvic congestion. Elevated estrogen levels from the ovaries can cause thickening of the uterine muscle layer, leading to heavy and extended menstrual cycles.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids, particularly submucosal fibroids, can cause an increase in the uterine cavity size, resulting in abnormal contractions. This may lead to heavier menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods.
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can result from irregular shedding of the endometrium or anovulatory bleeding. These alterations in endocrine function often trigger extended menstrual periods.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis can significantly affect uterine muscle contractions and increase the endometrial tissue, leading to heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding.
Impact of Intrauterine Devices
Additionally, the presence of an intrauterine device (IUD) can result in extended menstrual periods as an adverse effect. It's essential to recognize that prolonged menstruation may stem from systemic health issues or gynecological conditions, requiring careful differentiation.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience prolonged menstrual periods, it is crucial not to ignore these symptoms. Seeking prompt medical advice can help identify the underlying cause, paving the way for effective treatment. If you notice significant changes in your menstrual cycle, make an appointment with your healthcare provider.