The Impact of Hypothyroidism on Fetal Health
Studies indicate that approximately every one in six women is at risk of developing hypothyroidism. This condition is particularly common among women over the age of 35. In China, the prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy is high, while the rates of diagnosis and treatment remain notably low. According to Dr. Teng Weiping, the low diagnosis rates of hypothyroidism, especially subclinical hypothyroidism, are primarily due to mild symptoms that may be easily confused with typical pregnancy reactions, making it challenging to identify.
Understanding the Risks of Hypothyroidism
Professor Yang Huixia, the incoming chairperson of the Perinatal Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, emphasizes the significant impact of both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism on women's health. Initially, hypothyroidism may present with minor symptoms, gradually leading to fatigue, bodily function irregularities, and in some cases, infertility among women of childbearing age. Notably, around 7% of women experience thyroid dysfunction within a year after childbirth. If untreated, hypothyroidism can significantly increase the risk of severe medical issues, including myocardial infarction, renal failure, and even cognitive disorders in later life.
Importance of Early Screening for Thyroid Function
Dr. Teng Weiping also highlights that research has shown a clear link between various forms of hypothyroidism in pregnant women and increased risks of miscarriage and other pregnancy complications. More critically, maternal hypothyroidism can lead to brain development issues in the fetus, adversely affecting the intelligence of the offspring. So how can expecting mothers address this seemingly 'invisible' threat? Experts recommend that early screening for hypothyroidism, ideally before or within the first eight weeks of pregnancy, is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, benefitting both mother and child.
Recommendations for Pre-Pregnancy and Early Pregnancy Screening
Experts advise that women should actively monitor their thyroid function before pregnancy or during its early stages, especially those with known risk factors for thyroid diseases. Yang Huixia recommends screening for thyroid function particularly before 8 weeks of gestation to catch potential issues early.
Treatment Considerations and Safety for Expecting Mothers
For women diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy, initiating thyroid hormone intervention is recommended before 12 weeks of gestation. A common concern surrounds whether such medications might negatively impact the fetus. However, experts provide reassurance: Thyroid hormones are essential for the human body, and with careful monitoring of thyroid function and timely dosage adjustments, normal fetal brain development and subsequent cognitive growth can be supported.
In conclusion, understanding the potential risks associated with hypothyroidism during pregnancy and implementing early screening measures is vital for safeguarding maternal and fetal health. Expecting mothers should remain informed about their thyroid health and seek appropriate medical guidance to ensure a healthy pregnancy journey.