Understanding Chronic Nephritis: Symptoms, Care, and Dietary Recommendations
Chronic nephritis, also known as chronic glomerulonephritis, is a common kidney disease that typically develops from acute nephritis. This chronic condition is more prevalent among males, and patients usually range from 20 to 40 years old, with symptoms persisting for more than a year. Acute nephritis often presents suddenly with symptoms such as edema and hematuria.
Symptoms of Chronic Nephritis
The symptoms of chronic nephritis can vary based on underlying factors. Traditional Chinese medicine categorizes the condition into three types:
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
Patients exhibit symptoms like cold limbs, loose stools, pale and swollen tongue with indentations, and a deep, thin pulse.
Deficiency of Liver and Kidney Yin
This type is characterized by a dry throat, short and yellow urine, a red tongue, and a fine, rapid pulse.
Qi and Blood Deficiency
Individuals may experience anemia, dizziness, tinnitus, excessive sweating, poor appetite, difficulty sleeping, a pale tongue, and a deep pulse.
Recognizing these symptoms can aid in tailored treatment approaches, including traditional herbal remedies and lifestyle modifications.
The Importance of Dietary Management in Chronic Nephritis
In addition to medicinal treatments, dietary choices play a crucial role in managing chronic nephritis. Here are key dietary restrictions to consider:
1. Avoid Strong Seasonings
Spices such as pepper, mustard, and chili can negatively impact kidney function. It is advisable to limit these foods as they can exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, excessive use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) should be avoided, especially during fluid intake restrictions.
2. Limit High-Fat Foods
Patients often suffer from hypertension and anemia, making high-fat animal products detrimental. These fats can worsen arterial sclerosis and interfere with blood production. Instead, opt for plant-based oils, keeping daily intake to around 60 grams.
3. Control Salt Intake
There is a significant relationship between edema and sodium intake. Excessive salt consumption can cause increased water retention, exacerbating edema and potentially leading to heart failure. It's essential to limit daily salt intake to 2-4 grams.
4. Restrict Protein Sources
The amount of protein consumed should depend on kidney function. For patients with oliguria, edema, hypertension, and nitrogen retention, protein intake should be limited to 20-40 grams per day to reduce kidney stress. It is particularly important to avoid legumes and soy products, which contain high levels of purine and can worsen metabolic burden on the kidneys.
5. Limit Fluid Intake
For patients experiencing hypertension and edema, fluid intake should be carefully monitored, generally capped at 1200-1500 milliliters per day, including all beverages and moisture from food. In cases of severe edema, fluid restriction needs to be stricter.
6. Avoid High Purine and Nitrogen Foods
Certain foods that are high in purines and nitrogen should be minimized to ease the burden on the kidneys. This includes spinach, celery, legumes, sardines, and certain broths. The metabolic byproducts of these foods can negatively affect kidney function if not adequately processed.
Conclusion
Managing chronic nephritis involves a comprehensive approach that includes understanding its symptoms, recognizing dietary restrictions, and implementing lifestyle changes. It is essential to consult healthcare professionals for tailored treatments and adjustments to nutrition to promote kidney health.
For more insights and recommendations, stay informed about dietary impacts on kidney functions.