Understanding Genetic Sexual Attraction: An Overview
Genetic sexual attraction (GSA) occurs among closely related adults, typically who have not lived together for extended periods or have never met prior to reaching sexual maturity. When these individuals finally reunite, their similar genetic backgrounds can induce a powerful instinctual pull towards one another, often stronger than that experienced between non-related individuals. This phenomenon is not limited to siblings but can also manifest between parents and children, as well as grandparents and grandchildren.
The Origins of Genetic Sexual Attraction
The term "genetic sexual attraction" seems to have been coined by Barbara Gonia, who experienced an overwhelming urge for her son after they were reunited when he was 26 years old and she had abandoned him at birth. Although her feelings did not lead to any reciprocation, as her son did not respond to her affections, she later noted that her feelings diminished after she married.
In her book, Gonia suggests that these emotions stem from the absence of early bonding experiences between mothers and newborns. Additionally, siblings separated during early childhood may seek to fulfill emotional gaps later in life. Such connections can potentially evolve into sexual feelings but may not always do so.
The Role of Genetic Similarity in Attraction
Individuals tend to feel more attracted to those who resemble them in physical appearance, personality traits, or shared interests. This tendency is more pronounced among related individuals, explaining why familial connections can lead to such attractions. Parents may perceive their children as mirrors of themselves and might develop feelings akin to those towards a romantic partner.
Anthropologists argue that genetically similar individuals are more likely to find each other appealing due to shared genes, which often manifest in similar looks and characteristics. This results in strong recognition and attraction, ultimately leading to what is termed genetic sexual attraction. However, it is significant to note that siblings raised together generally do not experience these feelings, a phenomenon known as the Westermarck effect. This theory posits that individuals reared in close proximity develop a natural aversion to sexual attraction toward one another, even under societal pressure.
Complications of Genetic Sexual Attraction
Professor Li Yao from Fudan University's Institute of Genetics critiques the oversimplified view of GSA, stressing the complexity of human emotions. She notes that not all individuals with similar traits will develop a romantic relationship, as often, complementary partners are attracted to those with opposing characteristics. Therefore, exploring GSA solely from a genetic standpoint does not provide a complete understanding of why romantic relationships can arise between siblings who did not grow up together.
Ethical and Legal Implications
Genetic sexual attraction poses significant ethical dilemmas and social pressures, as these feelings often contradict societal norms and moral standards. In many countries, laws explicitly prohibit such relationships, deeming them unacceptable due to potential health risks for offspring. For instance, in the United States, it is illegal for siblings to marry, given the increased risk of genetic disorders in their children.
China's new Marriage Law also prohibits marriage among direct relatives and collateral relatives within three generations, reflecting widespread concern over the health implications of cousin marriages. Genetic information is inherited from parents through approximately 50,000 genes, with siblings sharing about 50% of their genetic makeup. Therefore, the likelihood of recessive genetic diseases increases significantly within close familial unions.
Conclusion
While genetic sexual attraction reveals fascinating insights into human behavior and relationships, it also raises substantial ethical, legal, and health concerns. Understanding GSA requires a nuanced perspective that encompasses genetic, emotional, and societal factors.